Pakungwati Journal of Islamic Law and Society (PJILS)
Pakungwati Journal of Islamic Law and Society (PJILS) recognizes that generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies may support certain aspects of scholarly writing, language refinement, data processing, and research workflow. At the same time, the use of such technologies may raise concerns regarding authorship, accuracy, originality, confidentiality, transparency, citation, accountability, and research integrity. PJILS therefore requires responsible, transparent, and ethically appropriate use of generative AI throughout the publication process.
Authors remain fully responsible for all scholarly content, arguments, data, citations, interpretations, and conclusions appearing in the manuscript.
Material use of generative AI should be disclosed clearly so that editors, reviewers, and readers can understand how such tools contributed to the work.
AI-generated output must be independently checked because AI systems may produce factual errors, fabricated references, inaccurate quotations, or misleading interpretations.
Confidential manuscripts, reviewer reports, unpublished data, or sensitive information must not be uploaded to AI systems where confidentiality cannot be adequately protected.
Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of manuscripts submitted to PJILS. Authorship requires intellectual responsibility, accountability for the integrity of the work, approval of the final manuscript, and the ability to respond to questions concerning the research. These responsibilities can only be undertaken by human authors.
AI-generated references, court decisions, statutes, fatwas, quotations, cases, data, or other sources that cannot be verified must not be included.
Authors must not rely on AI-generated factual or legal claims without independently verifying them against authoritative sources.
AI must not be used to invent interviews, observations, survey responses, empirical findings, archival materials, or other research evidence.
Authors must not present substantially AI-generated scholarship as human intellectual work without appropriate disclosure and human scholarly responsibility.
Sensitive participant information, confidential documents, unpublished manuscripts, or restricted legal materials must not be entered into AI systems without adequate authorization and protection.
AI tools must not be used to disguise plagiarism, circumvent similarity screening, or paraphrase another author's work without proper acknowledgment.
Authors should disclose the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies when such tools have made a material contribution to the preparation, analysis, interpretation, translation, or presentation of the manuscript.
The disclosure should identify, where relevant, the name of the AI tool, its function in the research or writing process, and the extent of its use. Routine spelling, grammar, or formatting tools that do not generate substantive scholarly content generally do not require separate disclosure.
Authors must independently verify all factual statements, legal authorities, bibliographic references, quotations, translations, statistics, and other materials produced or suggested by generative AI. This responsibility is especially important for manuscripts involving legislation, court decisions, fatwas, classical Islamic legal texts, Qur'anic and hadith citations, transliteration, historical documents, and jurisdiction-specific legal materials.
AI-generated or AI-modified images, figures, illustrations, datasets, or visual materials must not be presented in a misleading manner. Where such materials form part of the scholarly content of the article, their use must be disclosed and authors must ensure compliance with applicable copyright, privacy, consent, and research-integrity requirements.
AI-generated material must never be used to fabricate or misrepresent empirical evidence.
Submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, editorial correspondence, and other unpublished materials are confidential. Editors and reviewers must not upload confidential manuscript content to publicly accessible or third-party generative AI systems where doing so may compromise confidentiality, copyright, privacy, or data security.
Reviewers remain personally responsible for the intellectual content, accuracy, fairness, and confidentiality of their review reports. Generative AI must not replace independent scholarly judgment in peer review or editorial decision-making.
Undisclosed or unethical use of generative AI that results in fabricated references, false data, plagiarism, misrepresentation, copyright infringement, breach of confidentiality, manipulation of research findings, or other forms of publication misconduct may result in manuscript rejection or other editorial action. If such issues are identified after publication, PJILS may apply its Correction and Retraction Policy as appropriate.
AI as Author: Not permitted | AI-Assisted Writing: Permitted with human oversight | Material AI Use: Disclosure required | AI-Generated References or Data: Must be verified; fabrication prohibited
Pakungwati Journal of Islamic Law and Society supports the responsible use of emerging technologies in scholarly communication while maintaining the principle that human authors, reviewers, and editors remain accountable for the intellectual integrity, accuracy, ethical standards, and reliability of the academic record.
